Industrial decarbonization is the systematic reduction or elimination of greenhouse gas emissions, particularly carbon dioxide, originating from industrial processes and energy use. It constitutes a multidisciplinary research field and methodological approach focused on transforming energy-intensive sectors to achieve net-zero or near-zero emissions. As a concept and area of study, it investigates technological pathways (such as electrification, hydrogen, carbon capture, utilization, and storage), process innovations, economic instruments, policy frameworks, and the systemic transitions necessary to achieve deep emission reductions in hard-to-abate industries (e.g., steel, cement, chemicals, petrochemicals). Key characteristics include addressing complex technical and economic challenges, integrating diverse scientific and engineering disciplines with economic and social considerations, and analyzing the interactions between industrial processes, energy systems, infrastructure, and markets. Its significance is paramount for achieving global climate change mitigation objectives and fostering sustainable industrial development.